Conversely, his rule was criticised as dictatorial, authoritarian, and neo-colonial, of favouring Kikuyu over other ethnic groups, and of facilitating the growth of widespread corruption. Zijn bijnamen waren Speer van de natie en Wijze man.
Hij was de zoon van dorpshoofd Moigoi en zijn vrouw Wamboi. Aanvankelijk heette hij Kamau wa Moigoi; na de dood van zijn vader en de adoptie door zijn oom werd zijn naam gewijzigd in Kamau wa Ngengi. Bij zijn doop in kreeg hij de naam John Peter Kamau; kort daarna wijzigde hij dat in Johnstone Kamau en uiteindelijk in in Jomo Kenyatta dat betekent 'Brandende speer van Kenia'. Volgens een andere bron nam hij de naam Jomo Kenyatta pas aan in , en noemde hij zich voordien enige tijd Johnstone Kenyatta.
De KAU streefde naar de onafhankelijkheid van de kroonkolonie Kenia. Kenyatta groeide uit tot de populairste Keniaan van die dagen. In werd Kenyatta door de Britse] autoriteiten gearresteerd omdat hij banden zou hebben met de Mau Mau opstandelingen, die via geweld de onafhankelijkheid van Kenia hoopten te bewerkstelligen.
In werd Kenyatta tot zeven jaar dwangarbeid veroordeeld. In augustus kwam hij vrij. In werd Kenyatta in de Wetgevende Vergadering van Kenia gekozen. Hij werd de belangrijkste oppositieleider in de Wetgevende Vergadering.
Hij probeerde op vreedzame weg via onderhandelingen met de Britten de Keniaanse onafhankelijkheid te verkrijgen. In december werd Kenia een onafhankelijke staat en in een republiek binnen het Britse Gemenebest. Kenyatta werd de eerste president van de Republiek Kenia. Kenyatta voerde een politiek van niet-gebondenheid en Afrikaans socialisme. Hij wist het vertrouwen te winnen van de blanke boeren die gewoon in Kenia mochten blijven.
Jomo Kenyatta overleed op 22 augustus op jarige leeftijd en hij werd begraven op 31 augustus. Hij werd opgevolgd door Daniel arap Moi. Zijn zoon Uhuru Kenyatta werd in de vierde president van Kenia. Han betraktas som Kenyas. He was essentially a moderate trying to achieve the radical revolution of a nationalist victory in a colonialist society, and his ambivalence over many issues can best be explained by his need to contain or use his militants—and he had plenty of them.
They were impatient and wanted to see effective action. Type: Book. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, , African studies. In December , Kenya formally declared its independence yet it would take a year of intense negotiations for it to transform into a presidential republic, with Jomo Kenyatta as its first president. Archival records of the independence negotiations, however, reveal that neither the British colonial authorities nor the Kenyan political elite foresaw the formation of a presidential regime that granted one man almost limitless executive powers.
As the war progressed, Kenyatta became involved with a group of anti-colonial and African nationalists from around the African continent and the Diaspora. Together they formed the Pan-African Federation. WEB Du Bois had organised the first Pan-African Congress held in Paris in an earlier congress in London in did not use the title 'Pan-African' , and further congresses were held in , , and In London, in October , Padmore and Nkrumah arranged for the fifth and final congress to be held in Manchester they also formally created the Pan-African Federation the following year.
Ninety delegates attended, roughly a third from Africa, a third from the West Indies, and a third from British institutions and organisations. WEB Du Bois, at the grand age of 77, was the chair. The congress discussed plans for nationalist movements across the continent of Africa, demanded independence from colonial rule, and ends to racial discrimination, and set the ground work for African unity.
It was all but completely ignored by the international press. Kenyatta returned to Kenya in September , abandoning his British wife Edna. Kenyatta married, once more, to Grace Wanjiku who died in childbirth in , and he took up the post of principal at the Kenya Teachers College in Githunguri. Over the next few years Kenyatta travelled around Kenya giving lectures and campaigning for independence.
In September he married his fourth wife, Ngina Muhoho. The Kenyan Crown Colony was still dominated by white settler interests, and the dangerous explosion he had predicted in The Times in became a reality -- the Mau Mau Rebellion.
Seen as a subversive from his call for independence and support for nationalism, Kenyatta was implicated in the Mau Mau movement by the British authorities, and on 21 October he was arrested. The trial achieved worldwide publicity; despite the colonial authorities trying to claim is was simply a 'criminal' matter.
The trial, which lasted several months, was a travesty, witnesses perjured themselves, and the judge was openly hostile to Kenyatta. On 8 April Kenyatta was sentenced to seven-years hard labour for "managing the Mau Mau terrorist organization". He spent the next six years at Lokitaung before being moved to 'permanent restriction' at Lodwar a particularly remote desert army post on 14 April During Kenyatta's incarceration the mantle of nationalist leadership had been taken up by Tom Mboya a Luo and Oginga Odinga a Luo chief.
Mboya and Odinga arranged for his election as president of KANU in absentia he was still under house arrest and campaigned for his release. On 21 August Kenyatta was finally released, on the condition that he didn't run for public office.
By the British government had conceded the principle of one man-one vote for Kenya, and in Kenyatta went to the Lancaster Conference in London to negotiate the terms of Kenya's independence. When independence was achieved on 12 December that year, Kenyatta was prime minister. Exactly one year later, with the proclamation of a republic, Kenyatta became Kenya's first president.
Although he initially appealed to all sectors of Kenya's population, appointing members of government form various ethnic groups - he did this more to avoid the development of an ethnically based opposition. But the central core of his government was strongly Kikuyu in makeup. Meanwhile, the British government slowly began steering Kenya to black majority rule. The party announced it would not take part in any government until Kenyatta was freed.
After a week of house arrest in the company of his family and supporters, he was formally released on August On December 12, , Kenya celebrated its independence, and Kenyatta formally became prime minister.
The next year, a new constitution established Kenya as a republic, and Kenyatta was elected president. He used his authority to suppress political opposition, particularly from radical groups. Under his rule, Kenya became a one-party state, and the stability that resulted attracted foreign investment in Kenya. After he died on August 22, , he was succeeded by Daniel arap Moi, who continued most of his policies. He was also influential throughout Africa.
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