Because they are not part of a government, private businesses exist outside traditional accountability systems. Despite these risks, it may be necessary to find ways to engage the private sector without threatening progress towards the inclusive, sustainable world we want. The following tools can be used by civil society groups in their national context in order to hold private actors accountable.
The Agenda suggests that these processes should incorporate the activities of the private sector. To facilitate this and other components of the follow-up and review architecture for the Agenda, per SDG target Key frameworks and initiatives for sustainability reporting 8. Further, companies are required to submit an annual Communication on Progress COP outlining progress made in implementing the ten principles.
Pieterse 32 suggests a comprehensive strategy to respond to informal enterprises should include:. As noted, a common approach to engaging with the formal private sector is through PPPs. Involving the private sector in the design, construction and maintenance of infrastructure and the provision of services has been highlighted as an area where PPPs can be particularly influential.
Building more and better infrastructure is an important goal for many economies with limited public revenues UNDESA, a. Castells-Quintana shows that the quality of urban infrastructure determines the growth-enhancing benefits of urban concentration.
Countries with good urban infrastructure can accommodate rapid population increases in urban areas and sustain high economic growth Alm, Much of this investment is required in emerging economies. Partnering with the private sector could: extend services into poorer or informal communities, provide safer work places, promote adoption of non-discriminatory employment policies, help the poor access credit, and boost investment in low-cost housing.
In both contexts, the private sector actively sought out partnerships with residents of informal settlements, NGOs and municipal government. These collaborative ventures involved information, education and community campaigns to ensure that residents of informal settlements were involved and had some ownership of programmes.
The requirements for successful partnerships include a buoyant private sector alongside a capable and authoritative local government motivated by a common economic interest Devas et al. Transparency International concluded that New Zealand should take protecting and promoting integrity more seriously. In practice, it means that inquiry agencies act independently and with an open mind, and that they consider all relevant information carefully and without undue delay.
In most instances, acting fairly will also include giving the party that is subject to the grievance a chance to comment on any adverse findings against them before a final decision is made. When parties act fairly, transparently, and with integrity consistently over time, each party comes to know what to expect from each other. From this, the parties learn that they can rely on one another and can develop trusting relationships.
Public reporting by public entities on their performance can influence the degree of trust in the public services that are being delivered and the public entities that deliver them.
These set out:. New Zealand's select committee system enables members of Parliament to look at matters in more detail than is possible in the House of Representatives. Select committees examine the Government's spending and the performance and operations of Government departments, Crown entities, and State-owned enterprises.
They do this by reviewing the Budget and end-of-year information, commenting on them, and reporting to Parliament. They also report to Parliament on reports received from the Officers of Parliament such as our Office. It has been researched as a medical, accounting, or legal concept, a virtue, and as a social or institutional arrangement.
These include political, legal, ministerial, democratic, bureaucratic, parliamentary, and social accountability. In practice, many related concepts are also associated with accountability, such as answerability, transparency, visibility, controllability, responsibility, or responsiveness. Accountability is also sometimes seen as simply providing an account.
Peters gives the example of a public official who may be given an order by his Minister responsiveness that they believe is illegal responsibility. Benjamin Disraeli, a 19th century British politician, wrote " This has profound implications for how the public sector behaves and interacts with the public.
For example, the New Zealand State Services Commission's code of conduct guidance acknowledges that "State servants are guardians of what ultimately belongs to the public, and the public expects State servants to serve and safeguard its interests".
O'Neill states:. It is about the public sector demonstrating its competence, reliability, and honesty in a way that allows the public to judge its trustworthiness in using public money and resources. It provides a more citizen-centred perspective of public sector accountability in a representative democracy. It also suggests, as the New Zealand State Services Commission has argued, that "[a]ccountability goes beyond, for example, only being accountable to the law, or to the government of the day, or to a superior, as critical as these are to understanding accountability in the public sector".
This is consistent with Greiling's view, who explains that public accountability can be seen as "an instrument which signals competence and organizational trustworthiness". Mulgan observes that, where there is:. These are indirectly, through institutions such as Parliament and the Auditor-General and through superiors or peers, and directly with the public. It is built on the separation of three branches of government — the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary.
0コメント